- what is pipe system ?????
- EL and HGL
- flow to atmosphere
- example question
- series pipes
- example question
- parallel pipes
- example question
Friday, 22 May 2015
CONTENTS
EL and HGL
The Total Head is constant along a stream line. This constant can be called the total head, H.
Pressure Head - ρ / γ
Velocity Head - v^2 / 2g
Elevation Head – z
Piezometric Head – sum of pressure head and elevation head
ρ/γ+z
Energy Line, EL – line that represent the total head available to the fluid
EL=H= ρ/γ+ v^2/2g+z
Hydraulic Grade Line, HGL – representing piezometric head
HGL= ρ/γ+z
Examples of EL and HGL
Figure 5.1
El and HGL drop immediately in total energy head
Figure 5.2
Pressure Head - ρ / γ
Velocity Head - v^2 / 2g
Elevation Head – z
Piezometric Head – sum of pressure head and elevation head
ρ/γ+z
Energy Line, EL – line that represent the total head available to the fluid
EL=H= ρ/γ+ v^2/2g+z
- Energy line decrease along the flow due to losses and be at a constant level without any losses.
- A turbine in the flow reduces the energy line and pump/fan in the line increase the EL.
- Measured by pitot tube
Hydraulic Grade Line, HGL – representing piezometric head
HGL= ρ/γ+z
- The HGL lies one velocity head below the EL
Examples of EL and HGL
Figure 5.1
El and HGL drop immediately in total energy head
Figure 5.2
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